Current Issue

Recent Advances in Prosthodontics: Embracing Innovation for Precision and Patient-Centered Care

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Integrating Bioremediation, Plant-Microbe Interactions and Mineral Nutrition in Plant Stress Physiology for Sustainable Agriculture

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Assessment of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical and Radiological Modalities in Detecting Metastatic Lymph nodes in Oral Carcinoma: Study at a Tertiary Care Center

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Background: Recent advances in imaging methods, including Ultrasonography (USG), Color Doppler, and Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT), have made it accurate to identify cervical lymph nodes that have metastatic oral cancer. Objective: To compare the popular clinico-imaging diagnostic modalities with the gold Standard histopathological examination and assess their effectiveness in identifying lymph node metastases in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Methods: A prospective study with twenty oral SCC patients was conducted. They were evaluated for metastatic cervical lymph nodes preoperatively using clinical palpation, and they were afterwards submitted for CECT, Gray scale USG, and Color Doppler studies. Histopathologic analysis of the lymph nodes obtained after neck dissection, later confirmed for the presence of malignant metastases. The obtained data was gathered, documented, and subjected to appropriate tests for analysis. The CECT, Gray scale USG, Color Doppler, and clinical palpation tests were all unable to identify non-cancerous nodes. Clinical palpation was 100% sensitive, CECT was 100% sensitive, grey scale USG was 80% sensitive, and colour Doppler was 80% sensitive. Clinical palpation had a 64% specificity, as did CECT and Gray scale USG. With these diagnostic methods, there are more opportunities for both false positive and false negative cases. When compared to histological findings, the diagnostic accuracy of clinical palpation, CECT, grey scale USG, and colour doppler was not significant. Therefore, in order to determine the treatment strategy, the test for the presence of cancer in the oral cavity region must be accompanied by a conclusive histological confirmation. Keywords: cervical lymph node, positive lymph node, oral cancer, metastasis, ultrasound, and colour doppler.

Investigation of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Iron (III) Oxide Nanoparticles as a Potential Treatment Technology for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Discharge

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The synthesis, characterization and analysis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles and their efficiency in treating pharmaceutical wastewater were investigated. The Fe2O3 nanoparticles, produced through mechanochemical synthesis, had a rough surface texture with numerous small depressions and protrusions, increasing their adsorption capacity. EDX analysis identified 12 elements, with carbon and iron being the most prominent at 33. 83% and 25.74%, respectively. The particles varied in size from approximately 50 nm to 200 nm and displayed mostly spherical shapes, with some agglomeration that contributed to high surface area and attractive forces. FTIR Analysis identified various functional groups such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids, alkynes, benzene structures, amines, and alcohols groups. The Fe2O3 nanoparticles showed a high efficiency in decontaminating PAHs, with observed efficiency trend: Dibenzo(a,h) anthracene (99.60%) > Anthracene (99.12%) > Benzo(g,h,i) perylene (98.78%) > Pyrene (98.68%) > Phenanthrene (98.66%) > Acenaphthene (98.53%) > Fluoranthene (97.52%) > Benzo(a)pyrene (97.01%) > Acenaphthylene (94.92%) > Fluorene (90.69%) > Chrysene (84.96%) > Indeno (1,2,3)pyrene (82.56%) > Benzo(a)anthracene (73.22%) > Benzo(b)fluoranthene (64.66%) > Benzo(b) anthracene (39.84%) > Benzo(k)fluoranthene (31.80%). The untreated and treated wastewater recorded values of 426 mg/l and 108 mg/l respectively for COD, with a percentage removal efficiency of 75%. The trend in the percentage removal efficiencies of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles was Sulphates (96%), Cl (92%), COD (75%), DO (67%), and BOD (47%). However, there was an increase in nitrate levels after treatment, suggesting that Fe2O3 nanoparticle may not be suitable for treating pharmaceutical wastewater with high levels of Nitrates ions. The nanoparticle showed high capacity for treating pharmaceutical wastewater with high levels metals. The removal efficiency of Cu concentrations was 51%, while Ni recorded the least removal efficiency. The strength of the removal efficiency for the Fe2O3 nanoparticle was Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni. Initial characterization showed significant bacterial colonies, total bacterial count, and E. coli, which were greatly reduced after treatment with Fe2O3 nanoparticles. No evidence of coliform growth indicated no faecal contamination in the effluent. The research highlights the effectiveness of Fe2O3 nanoparticles in treating pharmaceutical wastewater by significantly reducing various contaminants and improving the quality of the effluent. Keywords: Mechanochemical, synthesis, porous, nanoparticle, contaminants, wastewater.

Oral Manifestations of Goltz Syndrome – A Case Report

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GOLTZ syndrome, also known as focal dermal hypoplasia, is a rare disorder characterized by specific clinical features. The patient with this syndrome has a macrostomy, underdeveloped maxillary and mandibular bones, and a high, hollow palatal vault. Early prevention and regular follow-up are essential to manage dental abnormalities and severe polycavities. Keywords: Goltz syndrome, rare, dental manifestations

The Future of Single-Visit Implants: Stem Cell Integration for Rapid Healing (2040)

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The pursuit of efficient and patient-centric dental implant procedures has consistently driven innovation in the field. By 2040, the integration of stem cell technology promises to revolutionize the concept of “single-visit implants.” This abstract explores the potential of utilizing patient-derived or engineered stem cells to significantly accelerate osseointegration and soft tissue healing following implant placement. We delve into the envisioned methodologies, including in-situ stem cell delivery via biocompatible scaffolds or surface modifications, and the anticipated biological mechanisms that facilitate rapid bone regeneration, angiogenesis, and reduced post-operative complications. Furthermore, we discuss the potential impact of this paradigm shift on treatment timelines, patient comfort, and the overall accessibility of implant dentistry. While challenges remain in terms of clinical translation, regulatory approval, and cost-effectiveness, the convergence of advanced biomaterials, cell-based therapies, and digital dentistry positions stem cell integration as a cornerstone in the future of expedited and predictable dental implantology. Keywords: Dental Implants, Single-Visit Implants, Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering, Bone Regeneration, Osseointegration, Rapid Healing, Biomaterials, Cell Therapy, Future Dentistry (2040).

Fungal Biodiversity in Gray Forest Soils of Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems

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The diversity of microscopic fungi in the gray soils of forest and agricultural ecosystems in the central and northern zones of the Republic of Moldova was analysed. The fungal complex of natural gray soils is characterized by high biodiversity and includes by 2 divisions, 8 families, and 14 genera. Arable soils also contain 2 orders and 8 families, but only 12 genera. Ascomycota dominates the fungal composition, accounting for 87.1–100.0% in natural soils and 82.3-100.0% in arable soils. In gray soils under the forest, the predominant genera are Penicillium, Talaromyces and Trichoderma. In arable soils, the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Verticillium, and Fusarium are present. The greatest declines in abundance and biodiversity were recorded in the arable molic gray soil, caused by a decrease in humus content and a shift in pH toward the neutral zone. Phytotoxic species of the genera Fusarium and Verticillium either appear for the first time or increase their share in fungal biodiversity in arable soils, reaching 6.4–10.0%. The soils did not exhibit any inhibitory effect on the seeds of the test plant. Keywords: Fungi, biodiversity, gray forest soil, phytotoxicity, natural and agricultural ecosystem.

Sustainable Orthodontics – From Innovation to Responsibility

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Sustainable orthodontics is an emerging paradigm that integrates environmental, economic, and social considerations into orthodontic practice. As the global healthcare sector contributes significantly to carbon emissions and environmental waste, orthodontics must evolve to reduce its ecological footprint without compromising patient care. This involves adopting eco-friendly materials, minimizing single-use plastics, optimizing digital technologies like 3D printing and virtual treatment planning, and improving energy efficiency in clinical operations. Additionally, sustainable orthodontics promotes ethical sourcing, patient education, and community-based preventive care to reduce the long-term burden of orthodontic treatment. By aligning with the principles of sustainability, the field not only addresses environmental concerns but also enhances resilience and cost-effectiveness in orthodontic service delivery. Keywords: Orthodontics, sustainability, eco-friendly dentistry.

The Role of Dentistry in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) – Clinical Review

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep, leading to hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and systemic sequelae. Dentists play a pivotal role in OSA management through screening, oral appliance therapy (OAT), and interdisciplinary collaboration. This review synthesizes current evidence on dental interventions for OSA, emphasizing diagnostic limitations, therapeutic efficacy, and evolving practice guidelines. While OAT is effective for mild-to-moderate OSA, diagnosis remains the purview of sleep physicians. Controversies regarding dental scope expansion and the need for standardized training are discussed. Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea, oral appliance therapy, dental sleep medicine, interdisciplinary care, mandibular advancement devices

POD-Sucking Insect Incidence in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Under Enhanced Efficiency Fertilization

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Pod sucking insects have been a major constraint to sustainable production of soybean (Glycine max L.) in sub-Saharan Africa. The influence of fertilization on the incidence of these pests and their impact on yield of soybean is yet to be ascertained. Field studies were conducted at Nyankpala (on-station) and Nasia (on-farm) during the 2024 cropping season to evaluate the impact of enhanced efficiency fertilization on pod sucking insect infestations and agronomic performance of soybean. A single-factor experiment laid out in a randomized complete block design with seven fertilization regimes, each replicated three times, was used. Data were collected on the population densities and damage incidence of pod-sucking insects and their effect on grain yield of the soybean crop. The results showed that the primary pod-sucking insect species identified in the study fields were Riptortus dentipes, Nezara viridula and Mirperus jaculus. Soybean yield and pod-sucking bug abundance and pod damage were significantly affected by the fertilizer treatments. The fertilization regimes: NIT+CLB+YLI, YLI+CLB+NIT, 0FERT+CLB+CLB and YLII+CLB+0FERT, generally recorded higher populations of Riptortus dentipes, Nezara viridula and Mirperus jaculus, and lower pod damages compared to TSP+0FERT and the unfertilized plots. Also, these treatments recorded higher grain yields than the control treatments. The findings from this study revealed that the use of these fertilizer products can augment pest infestations and grain yield of soybean and significantly increase net economic returns in soybean. Hence, these fertilizer products should be considered for developing crop nutrition and protection strategies for maximum production of soybean in the savanna zone of Ghana. Keywords: Pod-sucking bugs, soybean, fertilization, grain yield.

The Challenge of Retrofitting A Survey Crown to an Existing Partial Denture

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Background: The long-term success of removable partial dentures, in part, relies on preservation of the abutment teeth and patient adaptation. Objective: This paper aims to describe the maintenance of contours and retentive preparations on abutment teeth while retrofitting crowns to existing removable partial denture, using Lithium-Dissilicate milled crowns. Clinical Considerations: This case report describes a practical and innovative approach to preserve restorable removable partial denture prosthesis abutment teeth using a digital workflow. This method utilizes the feature of “biogeneric copy” in the scanner software replicating the preparation features and contours of 4 abutment teeth. Four lithium disilicate indirect restorations were designed, fabricated and milled in-house and delivered on the same day. Based on clinical and patient evaluations, the denture insertion and retention were maintained and comparable to its original status. Conclusion: This technique is a viable alternative to the standard analogue technique that could potentially introduce inaccuracies and delays in treatment. With modern technological advances, it has become necessary to archive digital images of RPD abutment teeth anatomy for future utilization of restorative treatment. Keywords: CAD-CAM; Removable Partial Denture; lithium disilicate; retrofit surveyed crown; abutment teeth; same-day crown.

Large-Scale Demonstration of Improved Teff Varieties in Oda Bultum and Chiro Districts, West Hararghe, Ethiopia

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This activity was conducted during the 2024 cropping season to promote improved teff varieties Bishoftu and Dagem in the Oda Bultum and Chiro districts of West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia. The research activity aimed to enhance farmers’ knowledge of improved technologies, increase teff productivity, and create demand for high-yielding teff varieties. 12 hectares were used for the demonstration, 8 hectares for the Bishoftu variety in Oda Bultum district, and 4 hectares for the Dagem tef variety in Chiro district. The Results indicated that Bishoftu and Dagem significantly outperformed to local varieties, yielding 27.5 and 26.3 quintals per hectare, respectively, compared to 15.4 and 13.2 quintals for local teff. Field days engaged 469 participants, including farmers, experts, and administrators, and feedback highlighted improved traits such as yield, tillering, seed color, and disease resistance. The demonstration helps to increase awareness and demand for improved varieties. The concerned body should further scale up the coverage of Bishoftu and Dagem teff varieties to similar agro-ecological areas. Keywords: Tef varieties, Yield, Demonstration, scaling up.

Cotton as a Strategic Fiber of the Future and Cooking Oil Produced from Sunflower and Oil-Palm in Africa: A Review

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The increasing global population has intensified the demand for sustainable vegetable oil production. Cottonseed, sunflower, and palm oil have emerged as efficient and promising oilseed crops. Cottonseed oil, a valuable byproduct of cotton lint processing, ranks among the top edible oils globally. Despite the historical focus on lint, there is growing attention to oil content, quality, and value addition, particularly in Africa. However, cottonseed oil remains underutilized compared to other oilseeds. This review explores the nutritional, economic, and industrial potential of cotton by-products, sunflower, and oil-palm oils. It evaluates biosynthetic pathways for oil production, investigates emerging nanotechnologies, and highlights both the opportunities and environmental and health concerns associated with palm oil consumption. The review provides practical recommendations for promoting food security, enhancing rural incomes, and supporting sustainable agricultural development in Africa. Keywords: Cotton by-products, edible oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, food safety, nanotechnology, sustainable agriculture, Africa.