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Robotics in Dentistry – A Revolutionary Breakthrough!!!

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Amelioration of Soil Salinity Through Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria: A Sustainable Solution

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Heterogenous Preference Estimation for Improved Environmental Pollution Management Strategies: Evidence from Discrete Choice Experiment among Medium and Large Scale Agro-Allied Industries in Southwest Nigeria

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The study analysed preference estimation for improved environmental pollution management strategies: evidence from discrete choice experiment among medium and large scale agro-allied industries in South-west, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling techniques were employed in selecting 287 Medium and Large Scale agro-allied industries (M&LSAAI) (Medium Scale; MSAAI=222 and Large Scale; LSAAI=65). Data for this study was obtained from primary sources with the use of a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive and relevant inferential statistics such as multinomial logistic regression cum random parameter logit model were used for data analysis. The random parameter estimates on Marginal Willingness to Pay (MWTP) for improved environmental pollution management strategies (in Naira) among medium and large scale agro- allied industries in Southwest Nigeria revealed that respondents were willing to pay ₦5,838.04 for improved air PMS monthly and ₦9,751.87 for improved waste Pollution Management Strategies (PMS). In the LSAAI experiment, respondents were willing to pay ₦6,122.84, ₦5,120.46 and ₦12,491.76 for improvements in improved noise PMS, water PMS and waste PMS respectively. In the M&LSAAI experiment, respondents were willing to pay ₦4,757.26, ₦5,023.32 and ₦11,234.54 for improved noise PMS, water PMS and waste PMS respectively. The multinomial logistic regression of socio-economic factors influencing M&LSAAI preferences for improved pollution management technology options showed coefficients of age, level of education, distance to dumpsite and monthly average income to be significant for MSAAI while age, monthly average income, distance to dumpsite and size of the household were significant for LSAAI. Thus, the policy implication of this relationship between the variables and the itemized dependent variables is that government and policymakers should consider the significant variables which have an impact in determining them. Hence, the primary step should be identifying and promoting income generating programmes and upgrading the education level of the M&LSAAI managers by the state government through the states waste management agency. Moreover, the state’s waste management agency may create awareness and educate industry managers about the benefits of improved environmental pollution management technologies. Keywords: Preference, Improved Environmental Pollution Management Strategies, Discrete Choice Experiment, Medium and Large Scale Agro-Allied Industries, Nigeria

The Prevalence of MSMT and its Association with Periapical Lesion and Periodontal Bone Loss using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

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Objective: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Thickening (MSMT) and its association with the dental status of the adjacent teeth, including periapical lesions and PBL, using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 322 maxillary sinuses. MSMT was considered pathological if it exceeded 2 mm and was classified as localized or generalized based on the extent of the affected area. The periapical and periodontal status of 1092 posterior teeth were investigated. CBCTPAI was used to investigate the periapical lesion size; the distance from the upper edge of the lesion to the sinus floor was also studied. PBL was evaluated by pattern (horizontal or vertical) and severity. Results: The prevalence of MSMT in all samples was 34.8% (95% CI: 29.5-40.0%). Of these, 73.2% were localized and 26.8% were generalized. There was a significant correlation between periapical lesions and MSMT (P<0.001), as well as between PAL size and MSMT (P0.05). Conclusions: This study used CBCT imaging for its high accuracy and sensitivity compared to two-dimensional radiographs. The results showed that MSMT was not related to age or gender. The presence and size of periapical lesions increased the likelihood of MSMT, while the distance of the lesions from the sinus floor decreased it. The type of MSMT did not depend on the dental condition. The presence, pattern, and severity of PBL did not affect MSMT. Keywords: Maxillary sinus, Cone-beam computed tomography, Periapical Periodontitis, Alveolar bone loss.

Oral Cancer Education in Dental Institutions: Knowledge and Experience Among Dental Students – A Questionnaire Based Study

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Background: Dental curriculum and cancer education are becoming increasingly important as oral health professionals play a crucial role in the early detection of oral cancers, as well as understanding the impact of cancer treatments on oral health. In India, the integration of cancer education into dental curricula is evolving, but there are still some gaps in terms of systematic incorporation across all dental colleges, which will be dealt by increasing focus on increasing knowledge among students on early detection, cancer treatment and its related oral care, interdisciplinary programs, especially considering the high prevalence of oral cancer in the country. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, experiences and level of oral cancer education of clinical dental students on the management and prevention of oral malignancy. Methodology: A questionnaire constituting questions to identify the risk factors for development of oral cancer was circulated among the undergraduate students. More than one option was allowed to enter as answers. Results: Knowledge score obtained was 68%, with significant variations between years of study (p< 0.05). Final-year students demonstrated better knowledge compared to third-year students, particularly in identifying risk factors and clinical features of oral cancer. Conclusion: It is clear that while a significant proportion of dental students are aware of the risk factors, clinical signs, and preventive measures related to oral cancer, there is a need for further enhancement of their education in this crucial area. Keywords: Oral Cancer, Dental Curriculum, Dental Education.

Effect of Zinc on Germination Behavior and Protein Profile of Helianthus Annuus L. Seedlings

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Present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of zinc (1, 5, and 10mM) on biomass production and protein profile of Helianthus annuus seedlings after 72 hours of germination. Maximum seedling growth was observed in 1mM ZnSO4 treatment and the germination rate showed a gradual reduction in higher concentrations. The inhibitory effect of Zn toxicity on root and hypocotyls growth was proportionate to the concentrations of Zn. Electrophoretic analysis of the protein fractions revealed that during germination of seedlings growing up to 72 hrs., the intensities of bands slightly increased in 10mM concentration. Results strongly indicate that in spite of significant morphological changes, the protein distribution pattern of Helianthus annuus remains unaltered due to Zn toxicity and 10 mM concentration imposes no toxicity in the metabolism of seedlings. Keywords: Biomass, Helianthus annuus L., Growth, Electrophoretic analysis

Evaluation of the Prevalence and Correlation of Periodontal Bone Status with Associated Risk Factors – A Retrospective Radiographic Study

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Introduction: Radiographic assessment of periodontal bone status is a beneficial diagnostic aid to clinical periodontal examination and may be used in screening of periodontitis caused by interplays between periodontopathogenic bacteria and host’s immune response inflicted by risk factors. This study intended to assess the prevalence and correlation of periodontal bone status with associated risk factors. Methods: This retrospective study used the records of patients attended in 2019. Recorded data, such as age, gender, smoking, oral hygiene status and systemic condition, were obtained without including any identifying information. Periodontal bone status was assessed by measuring the proportion of total bone height to the total root length in panoramic radiographs. Data were arranged in tables, and statistically analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Of the total 2,610 patients’ panoramic radiographs, 1521 (58.3%) showed periodontal bone loss, while 1089 (41.7%) showed healthy periodontium without periodontal bone loss. The frequency of patients with healthy periodontium was statistically greater in those with good oral hygiene, non-smokers and those without associated systemic diseases. Furthermore, the frequency of patients with mild-to-moderate periodontitis and those with severe periodontitis was statistically greater in smokers, those with associated systemic disease, and those with fair and poor oral hygiene. Conclusion: A significant positive correlation exists between periodontal bone loss and smoking, fair-to-poor oral hygiene and associated systemic diseases. Radiographic assessment of periodontal bone loss is a rapid and accessible tool in periodontitis screening studies. Keywords: Periodontal bone status, Periodontitis, Risk factors.

Study on Different Weed Flora Composition and Distribution Pattern in Mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) under Red-Lateritic Zone of West Bengal

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The understanding of the diverse weed flora composition and weed shift in crop filed is important to identify suitable weed management component to increase agro-ecosystem sustainability. The present study explains phytosociological attributes and communities structure of weeds of mustard crop under edaphic variation. Phyto-sociological analysis of weed flora in rabi 2022-23 and 2023-24 was conducted in six different blocks of Jhargram district. A total of 15 families were recognized with 25 different type of weed flora, which interfere crop growth and reduce mustard yield in red-latertic soil. Among different group of weeds, Asteraceae family belongs to largest number of weed species, while Poaceae and Cyperaceae family ranked second in terms of number of weed species within the family. Twenty five weed communities were recognized on the basis of highest importance value of three leading weed category. For each community, importance values of weed species were measured based on density, frequency and relative abundance percent. With different weed flora composition, high relative density, abundance percentage and important value index observed with the Cynodon dactylon, Oxalis corniculata. Physalis minima. Euphorbia hirta Spermacoce alata in different block of Jhargram district. Among different sedges, Cyperus rotundus had high important value index. The lowest important value index represented by Poa annua, Cirsium arvensis D. aegyptium and Blumea lacera reflects that their population quite thin in different weed community and no need very critical control measures. Moreover, control of Cynodon dactylon, Oxalis corniculata. Physalis minima. Euphorbia hirta and Cyperus rotundus become very much essential for high productivity of mustard crop in red-latertic belt of west bengal. Keywords: Dominance, Family, Mustard, Phytosociological, Weeds, Weed flora.

Revitalizing Smiles: A Comprehensive Approach to Restoring Edentulous Patients with Characterized Complete Dentures – A Case Report

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Contemporary prosthodontics emphasizes the vital role of aesthetics in complete denture success, moving beyond functionality and comfort. Aesthetics not only enhance physical appearance but also impact psychological well-being and quality of life. Traditional denture fabrication often leads to artificial results, highlighting the need for advanced techniques to replicate natural smiles. The goal of complete dentures is to restore both function and facial aesthetics, boosting self-confidence and satisfaction. Denture characterization, involving precise adjustments in form and color, helps achieve realistic outcomes by mimicking natural teeth and gingiva, including details like root morphology and muscle attachments. While functional and comfort- related challenges are commonly addressed, achieving optimal aesthetics remains difficult. Aesthetics, rooted in nature and individual preferences, have gained importance due to their influence on personal confidence and emotional responses. This case report highlights a method to improve aesthetics in a completely edentulous female patient treated with conventional and custom-characterized complete dentures. The customized dentures resulted in notable improvements in facial aesthetics and social integration. The paper emphasizes the critical role of aesthetics in complete denture prosthodontics, exploring its impact on patient satisfaction and psychological comfort. It addresses challenges in managing edentulous patients and examines the interplay between aesthetics, functionality, and comfort. In conclusion, the paper advocates a patient-centered approach that combines advanced characterization techniques with personalized treatment plans to enhance denture aesthetics, ultimately improving patient satisfaction and well-being. Keywords: Characterization, Conventional complete denture, Denture esthetics, Removable complete denture prosthesis, Removable dental prostheses, Teeth arrangement

Application of Drone Technology: A New Era for Sustainable Agriculture

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The advent of drone technology has introduced a paradigm shift in modern agricultural practices, offering significant advancements in precision farming and sustainable resource management. Drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), enable efficient crop monitoring, precise agrochemical application, soil analysis, irrigation planning, and damage assessment. These technologies contribute to enhanced productivity while minimizing environmental impact by reducing chemical usage and optimizing resource allocation. In the Indian context, drones hold immense potential to address key agricultural challenges, including declining productivity, climate variability, and labour shortages. Furthermore, initiatives by the Government of India aim to promote drone adoption through subsidies, training programs, and regulatory frameworks. Despite their numerous benefits, challenges such as limited battery life, operational costs, regulatory restrictions, and connectivity issues in rural areas persist. This review highlights the transformative role of drones in agriculture, their contribution to sustainable development goals, and the need for policy and technological interventions to overcome existing barriers. The study concludes that leveraging drone technology can significantly enhance agricultural efficiency, ensure environmental sustainability, and improve the livelihoods of farmers, thereby transforming the agricultural landscape in India. Keywords: Climate variability, Sustainable agriculture, Sustainable development goals, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Clear Aligners: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Material Performance and Clinical Implications

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Background: Clear aligners have emerged as a transformative orthodontic treatment modality, offering a discreet and convenient alternative to traditional braces. The performance of these aligners depends significantly on their mechanical properties, which govern their ability to exert controlled forces for effective tooth movement. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively evaluate the mechanical properties of orthodontic aligners, focusing on factors influencing their behavior, such as intraoral aging, environmental exposure, and material composition. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed studies was conducted using electronic databases, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Studies investigating the mechanical properties of clear aligners, such as elasticity, stress relaxation, and fracture resistance, and their changes under intraoral conditions were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, followed by meta- analysis to synthesize findings. Results: Preliminary findings indicate that aligner materials undergo significant alterations in mechanical properties due to intraoral conditions, including temperature fluctuations, moisture exposure, and prolonged use. Stress relaxation and reduced elasticity were observed in aligners exposed to simulated oral environments, highlighting the impact of material composition and thermoforming techniques. Advanced materials like polyurethane exhibited superior performance compared to traditional PET-G in terms of stress retention and durability. Conclusions: The mechanical properties of clear aligners are critical to their clinical efficacy and longevity. Material composition, fabrication techniques, and environmental factors significantly influence their performance. These findings underscore the need for further research to develop advanced materials and manufacturing processes to optimize aligner efficacy. Keywords: Clear aligners, orthodontics, mechanical properties, stress relaxation, intraoral aging, material composition.

Investigation of Drought Stress Effects on Physiological, Biochemical, and Morphological Characteristics of Wild Almond (Amygdalus scoparia) Populations in Isfahan Province

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Drought stress is one of the most significant environmental challenges, directly impacting the growth and survival of plants, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. This stress disrupts physiological processes such as photosynthesis, osmotic balance, and cellular metabolism, leading to reduced performance and plant viability. Considering Iran’s arid and semi-arid climate and the importance of native species in conserving natural ecosystems, this study examines the effects of drought stress on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits of various wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia) populations in Isfahan province. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design. Drought treatments included four levels of field capacity (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), applied to 600 seedlings from ten different populations. Parameters studied included chlorophyll a and b levels, relative water content, ion leakage, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activities such as peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, and mean comparisons were performed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) method at a 5% probability level. The results indicated that drought stress significantly decreased the relative water content of leaves, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, and chlorophyll a levels, while increasing ion leakage and proline accumulation in green shoots. Antioxidant enzyme activities were influenced by drought stress, with an increase in ascorbate peroxidase, while changes in catalase and peroxidase activities were not significant at the population level. The populations of Fereydunshahr and Khur-Biabanak exhibited the highest drought resistance, maintaining water content and reducing ion leakage under stress conditions. This research demonstrated that Amygdalus scoparia can effectively cope with the adverse effects of drought stress through diverse mechanisms such as osmotic adjustment, proline accumulation, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. These features make this species a suitable candidate for afforestation in arid and semi-arid regions. The findings can play a significant role in water resource management programs and the development of strategies for ecosystem restoration. Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, Wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia), Proline, Drought stress, Relative water content.