Current Issue

A Novel Idea of Agritourism its Insights with a Practical View and Utility

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Gerontolescence and Modern Dentistry: A New Horizon for Oral Health

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Histopathological Alterations in Meretrix meretrix Induced by Vibrio species

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The study was carried out to investigate the histopathological changes in the shellfish samples associated with the Vibrio species which are collected from the Kali Estuary and also collected from the Fish market of Karwar. The collected samples were soon processed in lab to avoid the contamination. The Vibrio species were isolated and identified from the Meretrix meretrix samples using standard microbiological and molecular protocol. The maximum of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus species were isolated and identified in the samples collected from market when compared to wild from the Estuary. The histopathological changes were observed in the gills, mantel and the digestive tissues. Observed alterations included haemocyte infiltration, inflammation, and necrosis within gill lamellae and mantle tissues. This is due to the pathogenic Vibrio species. Keywords: Meretrix meretrix, Histopathological changes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus.

Artificial Intelligence in Smart Dentistry: Clinical Applications, Operational Value, and the Future of Precision Oral Healthcare

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Since the term artificial intelligence (AI) was first introduced in 1956, AI has evolved from a theoretical concept into a foundational pillar of high-performance dental medicine [1]. This article examines the current state of “Smart Dentistry,” focusing on the integration of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms across diagnostic imaging, precision treatment planning, predictive analytics, and administrative workflows. By synthesizing contemporary clinical evidence published between 2024 and 2026, this review highlights AI’s emerging role as a clinical co-pilot enhancing diagnostic sensitivity, standardizing care delivery, reducing inter-observer variability, and improving practice efficiency and return on investment (ROI). Key challenges to adoption, including data bias, interpretability, regulatory oversight, and ethical liability, are discussed.Finally, the article outlines future directions centered on multimodal data integration, robotics, and personalized (“P4”) dentistry, positioning AI as a transformative force in modern oral healthcare. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Digital Dentistry, Computer-Aided Diagnosis, Deep Learning, CBCT Analysis, Predictive Analytics, Precision Dentistry.

Artificial Intelligence in Oral Implantology: A Narrative Review of Current Applications, Challenges and Future Directions

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The field of oral implantology has witnessed remarkable technological evolution, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) promises to further advance diagnostics, treatment planning, surgical execution, and postoperative monitoring. This narrative review explores how AI—including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), robotics, and augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) systems—is being applied in dental implantology. Key areas of application include anatomical landmark detection, bone quality assessment, implant position planning, implant outcome prediction, and automated prosthetic design. Current limitations, such as data quality and quantity, lack of standardization, ethical and legal concerns, and challenges in clinical integration, are also highlighted. Finally, future prospects—including personalized implant strategies, fully automated surgical systems, and enhanced decision-support tools—are discussed. By synthesizing recent literature, this review aims to provide prosthodontists and implantologists with an updated perspective on AI’s transformative potential in implant dentistry. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Deep learning, Dental implants, Image analysis, Implant-prosthesis, Implantology, Machine learning, Robotics, Treatment planning.

Effect of Floral Decapitation on the Yield of Two Potato Varieties (Huaych’a and Desiree)

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Floral decapitation is performed in order to favor the translocation of dry matter to the tubers, to obtain positive results in the yield of the potato tuber. The research was carried out in a plot of land in the southern Bolivian highlands, with the aim of evaluating the effect of decapitation on two potato varieties: Huaych’a (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigenum), which is late, and Desiree (Solanum tuberosum spp. tuberosum), early variety. The trial was established under an experimental design of randomized blocks with a divided plot arrangement with two study factors: Factor A: Varieties (Huaych’a – Desiree) and Factor B: Floral decapitation (with decapitation – without decapitation). Having four treatments with three replications, the variables evaluated were: percentage of emergence, plant height, stem diameter, number of stems, leaf cover, dry matter, number of tubers, tuber weight (kg), tuber classification, yield (EU and t ha-1) and benefit/cost. The results show that the climatic conditions recorded in the production cycle were favorable in the development of the tuber with a rainfall 52% higher than the average of 8 years. Plant height showed significant differences in factor A at 36, 49, 92 and 118 DDS. For the weight of the root and leaf dry matter, there were significant differences in factor A, with the Huaych’a variety being the one with a higher weight. The yield did not present statistically significant differences, but when the tuber was classified, the floral decapitation had an effect on the quality of the tubers, obtaining a higher proportion of first category in both varieties, which makes the cost benefit more than 1.98 to 2.25 in the Desiree and Huaych’a varieties. Keywords: Floral decapitation, Huaych’a and Desiree varieties, Random blocks with divided plot arrangements, tuber quality.

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Jaws: A Review of Cases Treated in a Teaching Hospital Northwest Nigeria

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Background Study: Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) are rare osteolytic lesions, commonly found in long bone. They are characterized by blood filled spaces within the bone, surrounded by fibrous septa. In the jaws plain radiograph of aneurysmal bone cyst appear as unilocular or multi-locular radiolucency, sometimes with soap bubbles or honeycomb appearance, this closely resembles ameloblastoma. Aim: This study aimed to present the clinical and pathological features, and the management of cases of aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaws treated in our Centre. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study of jaw tumours that are filled with blood when aspirated, and the histology report were compiled. The study was done for two years from March 2023 to April 2025. Questionnaires was prepared and were filled by the researcher and assisted by resident doctors in the unit. The clinical findings were analyzed with respect to age, gender, anatomic location, size, clinical presentation, radiologic features, treatment methods, and recurrence rates. Radiographic descriptions were studied regarding the original location, border. Results: A total of 7 patients, 5 males and 2 females, aged 13 to 52 years (mean age 32.5, SD 11.54 years), were included. Of the 7 lesions, 6 (85.71%) were located in the mandible and 1 (14.29%) in the maxilla. Radiological findings revealed unilocular in 2 (28.57%) multilocular radiolucencies in 5 (71.43%) cases. Body, angle of the mandible and ascending ramus were most affected. Histopathology report gave us the final diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst. No recurrence reported. Conclusion: Aneurysmal bone is benign lesion that occurs more in the mandible than maxillae and treatment is enucleation, curettage, and resection of the affected bone depending on the level of bone destruction. It has good prognosis. Keywords: Aneurysmal bone cyst, Jaw lesions, Mandible, Radiographic features, Surgical management.

A Brief Review on Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soils and It’s Engineering Behaviour

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In industrial areas leakage of oil and it’s penetration into the soil can change the engineering properties of soil as well as cause environmental disaster. Also, recovering the contaminated sites into their natural state and reuse that contaminated material after treatment in the construction field needs remediation techniques which approach environmental friendly as well as geotechically suitable. This review article is an examination of the behaviour of various oil-contaminated soils on the engineering properties as well as physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. It also includes various remediation methods and shows a brief review about bioremediation method and also highlighted a bioremediation method as a sustainable, effective, low cost, and no harmful effect method. The article shows that the, crude oil can change various engineering properties such as optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, shear and compressive strength, settlement and permeability of soil as compared to natural soil. But the bioremediation technique helps in a positive manner to enhancing soil properties and also recover the contaminated soil in to their natural state. The various measurement technique of total petroleum hydrocarbon of crude oil contaminated soil also mentioned in this article. Generally, the application of bio-treated soil as utilized in the construction of liners, road construction, manufacturing portland cement, and erosion control projects. Keywords: Oil-contamination, Bioremediation, Soil properties, Engineering properties, Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH).

Blunt Images of Smooth Curvatures on Intraoral Periapical Radiography

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Intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiography is an essential diagnostic tool in dental practice, yet its two-dimensional nature can occasionally produce misleading interpretations. This communication reports a case in which a mandibular third molar appeared to exhibit a blunted distal root apex on an IOPA image. Careful evaluation of the lamina dura and periodontal ligament (PDL) space indicated that the apparent bluntness was not a true anatomical alteration but an artifact caused by a pronounced buccal curvature of the apical one-third of the root, superimposed over the middle third. Recognition of such projection artifacts is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Continuous lamina dura and PDL outlines can help distinguish real structural changes from optical illusions caused by root curvature. Understanding the interplay between root anatomy and radiographic projection enhances interpretation accuracy and prevents misdiagnosis during endodontic and surgical procedures. Keywords: Intraoral periapical radiograph, Mandibular third molar, Root curvature, Radiographic interpreta tion, Projection artifact.

The Interest of Single-arch Extraction in the Management of Class III Malocclusion: Therapeutic Occlusion

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Introduction: Skeletal Class III is a complex sagittal discrepancy that requires treatment ranging from orthopedics to orthognathic surgery. In cases of moderate malocclusion where patients refuse surgery, dentoalveolar compensation via monomandibular extractions (lower first premolars) represents a specific therapeutic alternative. Case Report: This report describes the case of a 13-year-old female patient presenting with a skeletal Class III due to maxillary retrognathism, associated with an anterior crossbite and mandibular crowding. The treatment plan involved maxillary expansion followed exclusively by the extraction of the mandibular first premolars. Results: The treatment successfully achieved a Class I canine relationship, a functional anterior guide, and harmonious facial aesthetics. The final molar relationship resulted in a functional “therapeutic Class III” occlusion. Particular attention was paid to post-treatment occlusal equilibration including selective grinding, torque adjustments, and deepening of the fossae to ensure long-term stability and prevent occlusal overloading. Conclusion: Monomandibular extraction is an effective compromise for skeletal Class III when clinical indications are strictly followed. Long-term success relies on a rigorous occlusal adjustment protocol to compensate for the reduction in contact points and to ensure optimal functional stability. Keywords: Class III malocclusion, Orthodontic compensation, Therapeutic occlusion, Occlusal equilibration.

AFD-Net: Wheat Foliar Disease Multi-Classification Using Deep Learning on Plant Pathology Datasets – A Comprehensive Review

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Wheat foliar diseases such as leaf rust, stripe rust, tan spot, and powdery mildew continue to threaten global wheat production, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnostic tools to support timely disease management. Recent advances in deep learning have enabled high-performance image-based detection systems, with AFD-Net (Attention and Feature-Distilled Network) emerging as a state-of-the-art framework for fine-grained wheat disease classification. This review synthesizes current knowledge on AFD-Net architectures, training strategies, benchmark datasets, evaluation metrics, and real-world applicability. We highlight how the integration of attention mechanisms, multi-scale feature extraction, and feature distillation enables the model to capture subtle visual differences among closely related foliar diseases. Comparative analysis with existing convolutional neural networks and transformer-based models demonstrates the superior accuracy, robustness, and computational efficiency of AFD-Net across multiple plant pathology datasets. Additionally, we discuss practical deployment pathways including mobile-based diagnosis, drone-assisted crop monitoring, breeding program integration, and disease forecasting systems along with existing challenges related to dataset quality, environmental variability, model generalization, and explainability. Finally, future research directions are proposed to enhance model interpretability, dataset diversity, multimodal fusion, and transfer learning capabilities. Overall, AFD-Net represents a significant advancement in automated wheat foliar disease detection and holds strong potential for supporting sustainable and precise crop protection. Keywords: AFD-Net, Wheat foliar diseases, Deep learning, Attention mechanisms, Feature distillation, Image-based disease detection, Precision agriculture, multi-class classification.

Comparative Proximate and Vitamin Compositions of Pleurotus Plumonarius (Oyster) and Ganoderma Lucidum

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This study aimed to comparatively analyze the proximate and vitamin compositions of Pleurotus pulmonarius (oyster mushroom) and Ganoderma lucidum (reishi mushroom) to evaluate their nutritional potential. Fresh specimens of both mushrooms were collected from mushroom farms in Anambra State, Nigeria, and analyzed at the Department of Botany laboratory, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, using standard AOAC procedures for proximate analysis and high-performance analytical techniques for vitamin quantification. Parameters assessed included moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrate, and vitamin content (B-complex vitamins and vitamin C). Results revealed that Pleurotus pulmonarius had higher protein (20.1 ± 0.8%), carbohydrate (54.9 ± 1.5%), and moisture content (84.6 ± 1.2%) compared to Ganoderma lucidum, which had higher fiber (14.2 ± 0.6%) and ash (8.8 ± 0.5%) levels. Vitamin analysis showed Pleurotus was richer in niacin (9.5 ± 0.3 mg/100 g), riboflavin (2.3 ± 0.1 mg/100 g), and ascorbic acid (15.2 ± 0.7 mg/100 g), while Ganoderma contained moderate levels of these vitamins, consistent with its role as a medicinal rather than dietary mushroom. Statistical analysis using independent t-tests confirmed significant differences (p < 0.05) in protein, fiber, ash, moisture, and vitamin levels between species. These findings emphasize Pleurotus pulmonarius as a superior dietary mushroom, ideal for addressing nutritional deficiencies and improving food security, while Ganoderma lucidum offers therapeutic benefits through its higher fiber, mineral, and bioactive compound content. The study highlights their complementary value in nutrition and healthcare, suggesting broader integration of these mushrooms into dietary practices and functional food development. Keywords: Edible basidiomycetes, Proximate nutrient profiling, Vitamin bioaccumulation, Functional mycofoods, Agricultural biotechnology applications.