NL Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
(ISSN: 3108-0502)

---

Unraveling the Clinical, Biological and Immunopathologic Landscape of Multiple Myeloma in Eastern Algeria: A Retrospective Insight

Author(s) : Rima Saad Bouzid*, Yamina Ouarhlent, Sheraz Fazid.
DOI : 10.71168/NMP.02.01.123

---

Abstract

Multiple myeloma, also known as Kahler’s disease is a hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells, often accompanied by the secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulins or their respective light or heavy chain fragments. The objective of this retrospective descriptive study was to elucidate the clinical and biological characteristics of multiple myeloma in eastern Algeria, as well as to evaluate the utility of electrophoresis and immunofixation techniques in the confirmation of this disease. The results reveal that mean age of our patients was 63 (± 11) years with a predominance of females with a sex ratio of (0.35). Bone pain was the hallmark of the disease in our patients, and anemic syndrome was noted in (81%) with different antecedents. The results also show that the anemia was normocytic normochromic. The diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma was confirmed by electrophoresis of serum proteins and immunofixation which shows a monoclonal peak in (85%) of cases, with a predominance of the IgG kappa isotype, (43%) of cases, (81%) of patients were at stage III according to the prognostic classification of Salmon and Durie. The findings reported in this study have the potential to enhance the clinical management of multiple myeloma patients throughout the various stages of the disease, from initial diagnosis to monitoring disease progression. Effective utilization of electrophoresis and immunofixation techniques is crucial in this process, facilitating the collaboration and communication between treating physicians and laboratory specialists to confirm an accurate diagnosis Keywords: Malignant plasma cell, Multiple myeloma, Immunoglobulin, Electrophoresis immunofixation, M protein.

This article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.